Uganda Primates

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East Africa as a whole is one of the mostProbably the most viewable primate within the forest
well-recognized safari destination for tourists lookingstrata is the black and white colobus, colobus
to see a variety of wildlife that is rare and exotic.guereza. These beautiful primates live in most of the
What most tourists don’t realize however isUgandan forest, as well as river woodland. They dwell
what sets Uganda apart from other destinations suchentirely in the trees, and are L,heost’s
as Tanzania and Kenya.monkey is rarely visible because it usually dwells in
Thanks to its climate, Uganda has a colossal amountdense secondary forest and undergrowth. It has a
of rich and dense forest making it a perfect home toblack face and backward-facing white whiskers and
species that are absent from other parts of Eastusually carries its tail upright. If one is lucky, they can
Africa. Yet unlike similar forests in other parts ofcatch a L,hoest’s monkey in kibale forest,
Africa, Uganda’s forests are easily accessibleBwindi or Maramagambo forest with in Queen
for viewing forest wildlife, especially primates!Elizabeth national park.
Primates evolved Africa approximately 60 millionA large number of primates that live in
years ago. The first primates were shrew-like animalsUganda’s forest are never seen by tourists
that resemble the pottos and bush babies of Ugandabecause they sleep during the day and are only
Today. These more primitive primates are known asactive at night. These include the bush baby (galago)
prosimians and were the first primates to exist inof which there five different species in Uganda- and
Africa. Monkeys did not evolve until 10 million yearsthe potto (Perodicticus Potto). Both species are
later at around 50 million years while apes were notnorcturnal, although the shrill cry of the bushaby is
found in Africa until 20 million years ago. One of thedistinctive sound easily distinguished by their black
first known apes, proconsul, was discovered onbodies and long white tufted tails and shaggy white
Rusinga Island in Lake Victoria. Apes are easy tosides. They live in small groups and eat only leaves.
distinguish from monkeys by their Lack of a trail.Their diet is so specialized; their stomachs have
Primate-inhabited forests are under threat in Uganda,different compartments to help them digest their
as they appear to be in other parts of the worldleaves that they eat.
because of the increasing number of people allThe black and white colobus aren’t the only
struggling to find placing to live. The number ofcolobus in the forest, either. The red colobus,
species living in tropical forest is much higher thanpiliocolobus badius, which live in large groups and are
elsewhere, and a proportionately large number ofhighly sociable, are only found in areas surrounding
species are finding it harder to survive. Monkeys andKibale National Park. They have tufted red crowns
ape of the forests are among the worst affected,and are often hunted by chimpanzees as food.
with nearly one in four monkey species worldwideThe blue monkey (Ceropithecus mitis) is the most
being very close to extinction. Forests have delicatewidely dispersed forest guenon in East Africa. It is
ecosystems and many and many primate speciescommon in most Ugandan forest guenon in East
have evolved a specialized lifestyle, causing them toAfrica. It is common in most Ugandan forests except
react poorly to sudden changes in their environmentsfor Murchison falls and L. Mburo National and often
such as loss of habitat and human encroachment.lives in Union with other forest monkeys. Blue
Uganda is home to over 300 mammals, primatesmonkeys are not, in fact, blue but dark grey with
being exceptionally well represented among them.white throat and chest, as well as tufted grey hair on
With around 20 species of primates, boththeir foreheads. In the forest, the males make a
day-dwelling (diurnal) and night-dwelling (nocturnal),distinctive “pyow” sound as a territorial marker
the variety and bounty of Uganda’s primatethat can be heard from a far distance.
population is unparalleled. The best Uganda primatesThe red-tailed monkey, Cercopithecus ascinius, is also
are the great apes. Most rare is the mountain gorilla,a forest guenon but its red. The red-tailed monkey is
Gorilla Beringei, which inhabits Bwindi Impenetrablealso brownish with white whiskers and has a heart
National park and Mgahinga National Park inshaped white patch on its nose. Red tailed monkeys
Southwestern Uganda. Mountain gorillas, one of threeare often found in Kibale forest, Semliki, Queen
gorilla subspecies, are some of the most endangeredElizabeth and Bwindi National Park, as well as Budongo
animals today —with an estimated totalForest and Mpanga Forest.
population of 750, mountain gorillas are living on theTwo other forest guenons are more infrequently
brink of extinction.seen- Debrazza’s monkey and (Cercopithecus
Thousand of visitors travel to Bwindi every year toNeglectus)L,Hooest’s monkey(Cercopithecus
see the majestic mountain gorilla, helping thelheost). De Brazza’s monkey is thickset and
communities of Bwindi every year to see the largestshorter than the other guenons, with a white band
of all the primate species, with adult sometimesacross its brows and white moustache and beard. De
weighing over 200 kilos.brazza’s is primarily a West. African Species,
Only slightly smaller is the chimpanzee, Panbut can be found near Mt. Elgon and Semliki National
Troglodytes, which inhabit most of the westernParks.
forest of Uganda and can be seen at Kibaale NationalL’Hoest’s monkey is rarely visible
Park, Kaniyo Pabidi forest site near Murchison fallsbecause it usually dwells in dense secondary forest
National Park, as well as Ngamba Island Chimpanzeeand undergrowth. It has a black face and
sanctuary in Lake Victoria. Chimpanzees arebackward-facing white whiskers and usually carries its
extensively studied in the wild and in captivity andtail upright. If one is lucky, they can catch a
have been found to be closer to humans than anyL’Hoest’s monkey in kibaale Forest,
other creature as they share over 98% of our DNA.Bwindi or Mamagambo Forest within Queen Elizabeth
Unlike Gorilla, who eat mostly leaves; chimpanzeesNational park.
eat primarily fruit but have been witnessed huntingA large number of primate that live in
and killing the colobus monkey for food.Uganda’s forests are never seen by tourists
What is less well-known is that Uganda is also full ofbecause they sleep during the day and are only
monkeys. There are five different types, oractive at night. These include the bushbaby(Galago)-
“genera”, which include the colobus, theof which there are five different species in Uganda
guenons, the baboons, the Patas and the Mangbeys.— and the Potto (Perodicticus Potto). Both
Some of these monkeys are as widespread andspecies are nocturnal, although the shrill cry of the
easily seen as a domestic animal in others parts ofBush baby is distinctive sound of the African night.
the world. The vervet monkey, CercopithecusBoth Primates are more closely related to the more
aethiops, a light gray guenon, is thought to be to beprimitive prosimians, like the lemurs of Madagascar. At
the most numerous monkey species in the world andKibaale forest, there are guided night walks on which
can be found every where in Uganda except theone can see these nocturnal primates.
forest. Highly intelligent vervets have specialized callingAs one can clearly see, Uganda is rich with primates.
systems distinguishing them between aerial and LandEach primate species has its own quirks, behaviors
predators.and each species can provide a primatologist with a
Patas monkeys, or Erthrocebus patas, look quitelifetime’s worth of study and research
similar to vervets and also are terrestrial primates.material. The scientists that contribute to the
The patas has a redish-brown coat, unlike the vervetinternational primatological society each understand
grey coat, and is restricted to the month of Uganda,how vital their role is- better understanding of each
in kidepo and Murchison falls National parks. Baboons,primate species will enable them to spread awareness
or Papio anubis, are heavy and terrestrial primates,and help ensure that primate’s survival. The
and are easily recognized because of their size andresponsibility, however, doesn’t lie with the
their long, canine snout. Like the vervet, baboons areScientist alone.
highly adaptable and have become the mostWildlife parks and forest reserves have been created
widespread primate in Africa. They too live in large,to enable their animal inhabitants to survive and thrive
social groups and you will often see them feedingwhile also serving to educate the public —
and grooming on the road side. The Olive baboon,tourist and local communities alike —about the
the only type found in Uganda, can be found in all ofwonder each species has to offer.
the National parks except for the three mountainous